?NEW KNIT SKELETON GLOVES:STORAGE WARS-BARRY WEISS STYLE PAINTBALL WINTER BIKER?, US $9.49 – Picture 0

?NEW KNIT SKELETON GLOVES:STORAGE WARS-BARRY WEISS STYLE PAINTBALL WINTER BIKER?, US $9.49 – Picture 1

?NEW KNIT SKELETON GLOVES:STORAGE WARS-BARRY WEISS STYLE PAINTBALL WINTER BIKER?, US $9.49 – Picture 2

?NEW KNIT SKELETON GLOVES:STORAGE WARS-BARRY WEISS STYLE PAINTBALL WINTER BIKER?, US $9.49 – Picture 3

?NEW KNIT SKELETON GLOVES:STORAGE WARS-BARRY WEISS STYLE PAINTBALL WINTER BIKER?, US $9.49 – Picture 4

?new Knit Skeleton Gloves:storage Wars-barry Weiss Style Paintball Winter Biker?

US $9.49

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>NEW KNIT SKELETON GLOVES:STORAGE WARS-BARRY WEISS STYLE PAINTBALL WINTER BIKER< Low cost, knit style stretchy gloves. •Size : Large, Acrylic Knit, Stretches, One Size Fits All •Material : 100% Acrylic. •Brand New in Bag COOL ITEM! LIKE BARRY WEISS! SOME GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT Storage Wars From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For the franchise, see Storage Wars (franchise). Storage Wars Storage Wars Opening Title.png Title card (Seasons 1-2) Genre Reality Starring Darrell Sheets Brandon Sheets Jarrod Schulz Brandi Passante Dan Dotson Laura Dotson Barry Weiss Dave Hester (Seasons 1-3) Narrated by Thom Beers Theme music composer Andy Kubiszewski Opening theme "Money Owns This Town" Country of origin United States Original language(s) English No. of seasons 4 No. of episodes 104 (List of episodes) Production Executive producer(s) Robert Sharenow and Elaine Frontain Bryant, Thom Beers and Philip D. Segal Producer(s) Dolph Scott Running time 21–22 minutes Production company(s) Original Productions Broadcast Original channel A&E Original run December 1, 2010 – present External links Website Storage Wars (stylized as STORAGE WAR$) is an American reality television series on the A&E Network that premiered in December 2010. The show features the auctioneering couple of Dan Dotson and Laura Dotson, as well as buyers: Barry Weiss, the usually together but occasionally separated team of Darrell and Brandon Sheets, the team of Jarrod Schulz and Brandi Passante, and Dave Hester. Executive producer and creator Thom Beers serves as off-screen narrator. When rent is not paid on a storage locker for three months in California, the contents can be sold by an auctioneer as a single lot of items in the form of a cash-only auction. The show follows professional buyers who purchase the contents based only on a five-minute inspection of what they can see from the door when it is open. The goal is to turn a profit on the merchandise. Contents 1 History 2 Participants 2.1 Main buyers 2.2 Past main buyers 2.3 Other featured buyers 2.4 Other buyers in Season 4 2.5 Other cast members 3 Critical reception 4 Ratings 5 Concerns about authenticity 5.1 Lawsuits 6 Opening titles 7 Episodes 8 See also 9 References 10 External links History Storage Wars can be seen internationally as well, as AETN International has sold the series to several channels in Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Italy, Poland, Germany, Spain and Denmark.[1] in New Zealand, it can be seen on Prime TV at 7pm Saturdays and Sundays. Season one of Storage Wars consisted of 19 episodes, 17 of which were filmed at various self-storage facilities throughout Southern California. The show has enjoyed ratings success, and its second season premiere attracted 5.1 million total viewers, making it the most-watched program in A&E's history to that point.[2] Storage Wars was recommissioned for another 26-episode season in January 2012,[3] with the season officially premiering on June 5, 2012. Only 20 of the 26 episodes were aired however, with six of the episodes being held back for broadcast during the second half of the show's 3rd season which began airing on December 4, 2012.[4] In March 2013, four early, special season 4[5] episodes aired prior to the official launch of Season 4, which premiered on April 16, 2013.[6] A spin-off of Storage Wars titled Storage Wars: Texas made its debut on A&E on December 6, 2011. The series features a new cast of bidders and an auctioneer.[7] A second spinoff called Storage Wars: New York was originally scheduled to debut on December 11, 2012.[8][9] but has since been pushed out to January 1, 2013.[10] In April 2013, It was announced that a spinoff called Storage Wars: Canada, was to start filming in May 2013.[11] This series is scheduled to air on OLN, which currently airs Storage Wars and Storage Wars: Texas in Canada, alongside A&E.[dated info] Participants Main buyers Jarrod Schulz (left) and Brandi Passante (middle) with interviewer Jarrod Schulz and Brandi Passante - "The Young Guns" (Season 1-present): Schulz and Passante own and operate the "Now and Then" thrift store in Orange County, California.[12] In early fourth season 2013, they opened another, larger, store in Long Beach, California, after Jarrod's business of buying storage units and selling the contents at swap meets overran their comfort of a home. Jarrod is also a co-owner of a clothing line, Outlaw Apparel, which he prominently wears on the show. They began the series as relative newcomers in storage unit buying and mostly stayed within low spending caps and were hesitant to bid on large units. As the series has progressed, they have been able to be players on higher end units like the other buyers. They are also known for not being quite as overly aggressive as other buyers and are typically more layed back. Darrell Sheets - "The Gambler" (Season 1-present): Sheets, a storage auction veteran from San Diego, appears alongside his son, Brandon. His catchphrase is "This is the WOW factor!" and he makes the occasional malapropism. He makes his living by selling items from his purchased lockers at swap meets. He owns his own store in San Diego, California. In the beginning of the series, he lived with his wife, son and young granddaughter, Zoe. He has divorced, and moved (with Brandon) to North Hollywood, where he works out of his new warehouse. In an interview, Sheets indicated that some of his biggest finds in lockers included a sizable comic book collection, four drawings by Pablo Picasso, and a letter written by Abraham Lincoln that sold for over US$15,000.[13] In Unlocked: Sell High, Darrell revealed that he once found a plastic-wrapped human corpse in a storage locker. It was determined that the previous owner of the locker had murdered his wife and left her in the unit. Darrell also bought a locker for US$3,600 with many pieces of original artwork by Frank Gutierrez and had them appraised for approximately US$300,000, the biggest in the show's history.[14] Barry Weiss - "The Collector" (Season 1-present): Weiss and his brother owned a successful produce company, until he retired. While Weiss is a lifelong antiques collector, he had never bought a storage unit until his friend and Storage Wars executive producer and narrator Thom Beers suggested he join the show.[15] Barry is the best financed of the group and by his own admission is the only one not in it for financial profit but to find interesting single items. He is interested in finding collectibles. He is known for the unusual tactics he brings to the auctions, such as bringing in psychics to help him figure out a locker's contents, odd disguises and outfits he sometimes wears, attaching a camera to a remote control helicopter to look inside a locker, and bringing in a pair of fake German attorneys to distract the other buyers. On June 25, 2013, it was rumored that Barry will not return to the show for the fifth season,[16] however this is yet to be officially confirmed by A&E. He does not have a shop or store. Past main buyers Dave Hester - "The Mogul" (Season 1-3): At the start of the series, Hester owned Newport Consignment Gallery in Costa Mesa, California[17] and the Rags to Riches thrift store, but closed them in June 2011. He now operates his own auction house, Dave Hester Auctions. Hester has had confrontations with the other main buyers, especially Darrell and Brandon Sheets, and is known to raise bids whenever somebody wants to buy the unit. Hester's son Dave Jr. occasionally appeared on the show with him. Hester's signature catchword is a loud "YUUUP!" when making a bid. He has this word imprinted on his trucks, t-shirts, and hats. Hester revealed on Anderson Live that his call originated from him being a bid-catcher in auction facilities, helping auctioneers spot bidders in a crowd.[18] In December 2012, Hester was fired from the show, and sued the show's producers for wrongful termination; part of his lawsuit was tossed out in March 2013 (see "Lawsuit" section below).[19][dated info] Dave did not return to season 4. Other featured buyers Promo for Storage Wars Bill Archer (Season 1): Archer had recently left his previous job to become a storage-unit buyer at the time of his first appearance. Archer only appeared full-time in one episode in the first season, which was the episode "Young with the Gun". He has been seen in the background since his initial appearance. Mark Balelo (Seasons 2-4): Balelo owned a liquidation, wholesale, and distribution company, and an auction house, and also used to own a gaming store called "The Game Exchange" from 2009-2012. He was known for bringing large sums of money to auctions, as much as US$50,000 at a time, and overpricing Barry to US$1,500 and Dave to almost US$10,000. He also earned the name "Rico Suave" for his tendency to dress in fancy clothes at storage auctions. He appeared three times during the second season, five times in the third season and three times in the fourth season, filmed shortly before his death.[20] Nabila Haniss (Season 2-present): Haniss received attention for purchasing a storage unit that contained items belonging to socialite Paris Hilton.[21] She appeared five times in the second season, once in the third season, and once in the fourth season. Jeff Jarred (Season 3): Jarred is the owner of the "It's New To You" antique and thrift store, that he runs with his daughter in Burbank, California. In the past, he has often fought with Dan Dotson, after accusing him of using sneaky tactics at auctions in order to allow regular bidders to win units. However, he and Dotson decided to make peace in the third season. He appeared six times during the third season.[22] Mark Compers (Season 3): Compers is a self-employed antiques and collectibles dealer, who appeared in one episode in the third season. Although he failed to secure a unit, he showed willing and turned up to the auction with a substantial amount of cash. Other buyers in Season 4 Herb Brown and Mike Karlinger (Season 3-present): Herb and Mike are brothers-in-law. The brothers do not own any type of store, but they said they do want to try to obtain one. They have appeared three times in the third season, in the episodes "Portrait of the Gambler", "Nobody's Vault but Mine" and "Still Nobody's Vault but Mine", and three times in season four, in the episodes "Old Tricks, New Treats", "Orange You Glad Dan Sold It Again?" and "That's My Jerry!". Brown and Karlinger first pranked Dave Hester as the tank top twins in the episode "Jurassic Bark", their first appearance on the show. Ivy Calvin (Season 3-present): Calvin owns the 5,000 square feet "Grandma's Attic" secondhand thrift store in Palmdale, California. He first made an appearance in the episode "The Big Boy vs. The Heavyweights". He also turned up to the vault auctions in the finale episodes of series three and was introduced as a new attendee. Although he has been in operation less than 18 months, Calvin was able to spend a substantial amount of money. He has also been seen in the episodes "The Big Boy vs. The Heavyweights", Nobody's Vault But Mine", "Still Nobody's Vault But Mine", "All's Well That Urns Well", "The Monster Hash", "Old Tricks, New Treats", "The French Job", "That's My Jerry", "The Storage Buyer In You", "Barry Doubtfire", and "Super Bros. Shuffle". The Harris Brothers (Mark and Matt) (Season 3-present): The Harris Brothers, who are identical twins, first appeared in "May the Vaults be with You" as an appraiser for Barry when he went to get something apprasied. Since then, they have bid with the rest of the cast. The Harris Brothers first bid with the rest of the cast in the episode "The Kook, The Chief, His Son, and The Brothers". The self-proclaimed "Kings of Swag", the Harris brothers specialize in Hollywood memorabilia. They have a company called WOW! Creations, which specializes in celebrity gift bags.[23] They have appeared one episode in season three, "The Kook, The Chief, His Son, and The Brothers", and five times in season four in the episodes "Oysters on the Half Plate", "The Shrining", "The French Job", "There's No Place Like Homeland", and "Total Wine Domination". Rene Nezhoda and Casey Lloyd (Season 4-present): Rene and Casey have a 7,000 square feet store called "Bargain Hunters" located in San Diego, California. They made their first appearance in the episode "Orange You Glad Dan Sold It Again?". They also appear in other season four episodes "Barry's Angels", "There's No Place Like Homeland", "Total Wine Domination", "Fear and Loathing in Placentia", and "Battle of the Brows". Other cast members Dan and Laura Dotson (Season 1-present): The husband and wife auctioneer team run American Auctioneers, and administer the storage auctions.[24] Dan has been a professional auctioneer since 1974. He is the primary auctioneer, occasionally giving the reins to Laura. Laura's famous catchphrase is (end of the auction) "...Don't Forget To Pay The Lady!". Earl and Johan Graham (Season 4-present): Storage auctions are new to this father and daughter team of auctioneers, who mainly work cattle and farm auctions. Earl and Johan have appeared in six episodes in season four: "The Monster Hash", "The Shrining", "Barry's Angels", "That's My Jerry!", "Total Wine Domination" and "Fear and Loathing in Placentia". Thom Beers: The executive producer and narrator of the show, Beers provides a quick explanation of the show's premise at the beginning, and does a recap of the featured buyers' profits or losses at the end of each episode. He has stated that the series avoids delving into back stories of the lockers' original owners because; "All you see is misery there, and I didn't want to trade on that".[24] Critical reception Critical response was mixed, with Mary McNamara of the Los Angeles Times calling Storage Wars "a strangely uplifting show — hope being one of the many things one can apparently find in an abandoned storage unit,"[25] and Neil Genzlinger of The New York Times called the series "an especially entertaining addition to the genre."[26] Brian Lowry of Variety said that "'Wars' should have been left in storage, indefinitely."[27] Writing for Slate, Troy Patterson gave a mixed review, referring to the series as "trash TV" as well as "trivial and magnetic."[28] Ellen Gray of the Philadelphia Daily News suggested "if there's an acquisitive bone in your body, you should probably steer clear".[29] Ratings The first season premiere episode drew 2.1 million viewers[30] and the show was A&E's top-rated non-fiction show for 2010, with an average of 2.4 million viewers.[24] The season two premiere consisted of back-to-back new episodes of the show; the second show drew 5.1 million total viewers and was the highest rating for an episode of a series in A&E history.[2] The combined season premiere outperformed competing original episodes of NBC Love in the Wild and ABC's Primetime Nightline.[31] Concerns about authenticity While some have speculated that some of the units have been stocked by producers,[24] an A&E publicist said: "There is no staging involved. The items uncovered in the storage units are the actual items featured on the show".[32] Executive producer Thom Beers has stated that the vast majority of the storage lockers investigated during production contain nothing of interest and therefore do not appear in the final show.[8] Lawsuits In December 2012, Dave Hester filed a lawsuit against A&E and Original Productions, claiming that the producers staged entire units, planted items in lockers after having them appraised weeks in advance, and funneled cash to weaker teams to buy lockers they could not have otherwise afforded. The suit claims that Hester and other cast members met with network officials to express concerns that those actions were in violation of federal law[33] intended to prevent viewers from being deceived when watching a show involving intellectual skills.[34][35][36] In January 2013, A&E responded by stating that its composition of the show is covered by the First Amendment, and that Hester's claims do not apply; the network also said the Communications Act of 1934 is inapplicable to cable television, which did not exist in 1934, and that the format of Storage Wars involves no "chance", "intellectual knowledge" or "intellectual skill" and so is not a game show. A&E also stated that there are "notable inconsistencies in [Hester's] exaggerated self-portrait", referring to his claims of value on the items he finds in lockers.[37] In March 2013, A&E won a partial victory in the suit when a federal judge tossed out Hester's claim of unfair business practices, calling the show "expressive free speech", and stated that his claim of wrongful termination was not specific enough.[38] On September 3, 2013, Hester had one of his claims approved by LA Superior Court judge Michael Johnson. The court ruled that Hester "can move forward with the wrongful termination portion of his wide-ranging lawsuit against A&E and the producers of Storage Wars."[39] Opening titles This section possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research may be removed. (September 2013) Every episode opens with the narrator, Thom Beers, setting the basic premise for the series: "When storage units are abandoned, the treasures within are put up for auction". In Episodes 2, 3, 4 and 7 of season one, an extra line was added to the opening narration: "because in this high-stakes game, it's get rich or die buyin'". The narration is followed by the preview of the upcoming episode, followed by the opening titles. In the opening titles, the sequence of titles begins at Dave, then Darrell, then Brandi and Jarrod, then Barry, and finally at Dan and Laura. While Laura always appeared in the opening titles, her highlighted face and name were not added to the credits until episode 11 of Season 1. Dave Hester Jr. and Brandon Sheets also appear in the opening titles, but are not highlighted and credited. The show's theme song, "Money Owns This Town", which was written and recorded specifically for the show, plays during the opening. As of Season Four, Dave Hester has been removed from the opening credits. Episodes See also: List of Storage Wars episodes See also Portal icon Television portal Auction chant Auction Hunters, a similar series on Spike Storage Hunters, a similar series on truTV Storage Wars: Texas, a spin-off series on A&E Storage Wars: New York, a second spin-off series on A&E Storage Wars: Canada, a third spin-off series on OLN SOME GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT Glove From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Gloves) For other uses, see Glove (disambiguation). Pair of gloves, 1603-1625 V&A Museum no.1506&A-1882 A glove (Middle English from Old English glof) is a garment covering the whole hand. Gloves have separate sheaths or openings for each finger and the thumb; if there is an opening but no covering sheath for each finger they are called "fingerless gloves". Fingerless gloves with one large opening rather than individual openings for each finger are sometimes called gauntlets. Gloves which cover the entire hand or fist but do not have separate finger openings or sheaths are called mittens. Mittens are warmer than gloves made of the same material because fingers maintain their warmth better when they are in contact with each other. Reduced surface area reduces heat loss. A hybrid of glove and mitten also exists, which contains open-ended sheaths for the four fingers (as in a fingerless glove, but not the thumb) and also an additional compartment encapsulating the four fingers as a mitten would. This compartment can be lifted off the fingers and folded back to allow the individual fingers ease of movement and access while the hand remains covered. The usual design is for the mitten cavity to be stitched onto the back of the fingerless glove only, allowing it to be flipped over (normally held back by Velcro or a button) to transform the garment from a mitten to a glove. These hybrids are called convertible mittens or glittens, a combination of "glove" and "mittens". Gloves protect and comfort hands against cold or heat, damage by friction, abrasion or chemicals, and disease; or in turn to provide a guard for what a bare hand should not touch. Latex, nitrile rubber or vinyl disposable gloves are often worn by health care professionals as hygiene and contamination protection measures. Police officers often wear them to work in crime scenes to prevent destroying evidence in the scene. Many criminals wear gloves to avoid leaving fingerprints, which makes the crime investigation more difficult. However, the gloves themselves can leave prints that are just as unique as human fingerprints. After collecting glove prints, law enforcement can then match them to gloves that they have collected as evidence.[1] In many jurisdictions the act of wearing gloves itself while committing a crime can be prosecuted as an inchoate offense.[2] Fingerless gloves are useful where dexterity is required that gloves would restrict. Cigarette smokers and church organists use fingerless gloves. Some gloves include a gauntlet that extends partway up the arm. Cycling gloves for road racing or touring are usually fingerless. Guitar players often use fingerless gloves in circumstances when weather is much too cold to play with an un-covered hand. Gloves are made of materials including cloth, knitted or felted wool, leather, rubber, latex, neoprene, and metal (as in mail). Gloves of kevlar protect the wearer from cuts. Gloves and gauntlets are integral components of pressure suits and spacesuits such as the Apollo/Skylab A7L which went to the moon. Spacesuit gloves combine toughness and environmental protection with a degree of sensitivity and flexibility. Contents 1 History 2 Types of glove 2.1 Commercial and industrial 2.2 Sport and recreational 2.3 Fashion 3 Fingerless gloves 4 Leather gloves 4.1 Common uses 4.2 Leather dress gloves 4.2.1 Main types of gloving leather 4.3 Leather glove linings 4.3.1 Component parts 4.3.2 Stitching 4.3.3 Some glove terms 4.4 Driving gloves 5 Mittens 6 Safety standards 7 In popular culture and fiction 8 See also 9 References 10 External links History Minoan youths boxing, Knossos fresco. One of the earliest documented use of gloves. Gloves appear to be of great antiquity. According to some translations of Homer's The Odyssey, Laertes is described as wearing gloves while walking in his garden so as to avoid the brambles.[3] (Other translations, however, insist that Laertes pulled his long sleeves over his hands.) Herodotus, in The History of Herodotus (440 BC), tells how Leotychides was incriminated by a glove (gauntlet) full of silver that he received as a bribe.[4] There are also occasional references to the use of gloves among the Romans as well. Pliny the Younger (c. 100), his uncle's shorthand writer wore gloves in winter so as not to impede the elder Pliny's work.[5] A gauntlet, which could be a glove made of leather or some kind of metal armour, was a strategic part of a soldier's defense throughout the Middle Ages, but the advent of firearms made hand-to-hand combat rare. As a result, the need for gauntlets also disappeared. During the 13th century, gloves began to be worn by ladies as a fashion ornament.[3] They were made of linen and silk, and sometimes reached to the elbow.[3] Such worldly accoutrements were not for holy women, according to the early 13th century Ancrene Wisse, written for their guidance.[6] Sumptuary laws were promulgated to restrain this vanity: against samite gloves in Bologna, 1294, against perfumed gloves in Rome, 1560.[7] A Paris corporation or guild of glovers (gantiers) existed from the thirteenth century. They made them in skin or in fur.[8] It was not until the 16th century that gloves reached their greatest elaboration, however, when Queen Elizabeth I set the fashion for wearing them richly embroidered and jewelled,[3] and for putting them on and taking them off during audiences, to draw attention to her beautiful hands.[9] The 1592 "Ditchley" portrait of her features her holding leather gloves in her left hand. In Paris, the gantiers became gantiers parfumeurs, for the scented oils, musk, ambergris and civet, that perfumed leather gloves, but their trade, which was an introduction at the court of Catherine de Medici,[10] was not specifically recognised until 1656, in a royal brevet. Makers of knitted gloves, which did not retain perfume and had less social cachet, were organised in a separate guild, of bonnetiers[11] who might knit silk as well as wool. Such workers were already organised in the fourteenth century. Knitted gloves were a refined handiwork that required five years of apprenticeship; defective work was subject to confiscation and burning.[12] In the 17th century, gloves made of soft chicken skin became fashionable. The craze for gloves called "limericks" also took hold. This particular glove-fad was the product of a manufacturer in Limerick, Ireland, who fashioned the gloves from the skin of unborn calves.[13] In the Victorian era, some women would wear undersized leather gloves in an effort to shrink the size of their hands, as small hands were considered a sign of beauty.[citation needed] Embroidered and jeweled gloves also formed part of the insignia of emperors and kings. Thus Matthew of Paris, in recording the burial of Henry II of England in 1189, mentions that he was buried in his coronation robes with a golden crown on his head and gloves on his hands.[3] Gloves were also found on the hands of King John when his tomb was opened in 1797 and on those of King Edward I when his tomb was opened in 1774.[3] Pontifical gloves are liturgical ornaments used primarily by the pope, the cardinals, and bishops.[3] They may be worn only at the celebration of mass.[3] The liturgical use of gloves has not been traced beyond the beginning of the 10th century, and their introduction may have been due to a simple desire to keep the hands clean for the holy mysteries, but others suggest that they were adopted as part of the increasing pomp with which the Carolingian bishops were surrounding themselves.[3] From the Frankish kingdom the custom spread to Rome, where liturgical gloves are first heard of in the earlier half of the 11th century.[3] Portrait of Mme. Paulin wearing gloves, Pierre Auguste Renoir When short sleeves came into fashion in the 1700s, women began to wear long gloves, reaching half-way up the forearm. By the 1870s, buttoned kid, silk, or velvet gloves were worn with evening or dinner dress, but long suede gloves were also worn during the day and when having tea.[14] In 1905 The Law Times made one of the first references to the use of gloves by criminals to hide fingerprints, stating: For the future... when the burglar goes a-burgling, a pair of gloves will form a necessary part of his outfit.[15] Early Formula One race cars used steering wheels taken directly from road cars. They were normally made from wood, necessitating the use of driving gloves.[16] Latex gloves were developed by the Australian company Ansell.[17] Ansell also launched the ActivArmr line, which is dedicated to producing protective gloves for construction, plumbing, HVAC, and military applications.[18] More recently in history, Tommie Smith and John Carlos held up their leather glove-clad fists at the awards ceremony of the 1968 Summer Olympics. Their actions were intended to symbolize Black Power, but they were banned from the Olympics for life as a result of the incident. Yet another of the more infamous episodes involving a leather glove came during the 1995 O.J. Simpson murder case in which Simpson demonstrated that the glove purportedly used in the alleged murder was too small to fit his hand.[citation needed] The glove and its impact on the case have caused the term O.J. Gloves to become a popular nickname for black or brown leather gloves. Rappers 50 Cent and Kanye West have referenced these infamous gloves in their songs.[19][20] Types of glove Commercial and industrial A disposable nitrile rubber glove Aircrew gloves: fire resistant Barbed wire handler's gloves Chainmail gloves are used by butchers, scuba divers, woodcutters and police Chainsaw gloves Cut-resistant gloves Disposable gloves can be used by anyone from doctors making examination to caregivers changing diapers. Fireman's gauntlets Food service gloves Gardening gloves Impact protection gloves Medical gloves Military gloves Rubber gloves Sandblasting gloves Welder's gloves Sport and recreational Dry scuba gloves American football various position gloves Archer's glove Baseball glove or catcher's mitt: in baseball, the players in the field wear gloves to help them catch the ball and prevent injury to their hands. Billiards glove Boxing gloves: a specialized padded mitten Cricket gloves The batsmen wear gloves with heavy padding on the back, to protect the fingers in case of being struck with the ball. The wicket keeper wears large webbed gloves. Cycling gloves Driving gloves intended to improve the grip on the steering wheel. Driving gloves have external seams, open knuckles, open backs, ventilation holes, short cuffs, and wrist snaps. The most luxurious are made from Peccary gloving leather.[21][22] Falconry glove fencing glove Football - Goalkeeper glove Gardening glove Golf glove Ice hockey glove Riding gloves Lacrosse gloves Kendo Kote LED glove Motorcycling gloves Oven gloves - or Oven mitts, used when cooking Paintball Glove Racing drivers gloves with long cuffs, intended for protection against heat and flame for drivers in automobile competitions.[23] Scuba diving gloves : cotton gloves; good abrasion but no thermal protection dry gloves; made of rubber with a latex wrist seal to prevent water entry wet gloves; made of neoprene and allowing water entry Touchscreen gloves, fingerip type Touchscreen gloves - made with conductive material to enable the wearer's natural electric capacitance to interact with capacitive touchscreen devices without the need to remove one's gloves[24] finger tip conductivity; where conductive yarns or a conductive patch is found only on the tips of the fingers (typically the index finger and thumb) thus allowing for basic touch response full hand conductivity; where the entire glove is made from conductive materials allowing for robust tactile touch and dexterity good for accurate typing and multi-touch response[25] Ski gloves are padded and reinforced to protect from the cold but also from injury by Skis. Underwater Hockey gloves - with protective padding, usually of silicone rubber or latex, across the back of the fingers and knuckles to protect from impact with the puck; usually only one, either left- or right-hand, is worn depending on which is the playing hand. Washing mitt or Washing glove: a tool for washing the body (one's own, or of a child, a patient, a lover). Webbed gloves - a swim training device or swimming aid. Weightlifting gloves Wired glove Power Glove - an alternate controller for use with the Nintendo Entertainment System Wheelchair gloves - for users of manual Wheelchairs Fashion Main article: Evening glove Western lady's gloves for formal and semi-formal wear come in three lengths: wrist ("matinee"), elbow, and opera or full-length (over the elbow, reaching to the biceps). Satin and stretch satin are popular and mass-produced. Some women wear gloves as part of "dressy" outfits, such as for church and weddings. Long white gloves are common accessories for teenage girls attending formal events such as prom, cotillion, or formal ceremonies at church such as confirmation. Fingerless gloves Question book-new.svg This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2010) Leather fingerless gloves Fingerless gloves or "glovelettes" are garments worn on the hands which resemble regular gloves in most ways, except that the finger columns are half-length and opened, allowing the top-half of the wearer's fingers to be shown. Fingerless gloves are often padded in the palm area, to provide protection to the hand, and the exposed fingers do not interfere with sensation or gripping. In contrast to traditional full gloves, often worn for warmth, fingerless gloves will often have a ventilated back to allow the hands to cool; this is commonly seen in weightlifting gloves. Fingerless gloves are also worn by bikers as a means to better grip the handlebars, as well as by skateboarders and rollerbladers, to protect the palms of the hands and add grip in the event of a fall. Some anglers, particularly fly fishermen, favour fingerless gloves to allow manipulation of line and tackle in cooler conditions. Fingerless gloves are common among marching band members. The lack of fabric on the fingertips allows for better use of touchscreens, as on smartphones and tablet computers. Professional MMA fighters are also required to wear fingerless gloves in fights. Leather gloves Lined black leather gloves with red leather fourchettes A leather glove is a fitted covering for the hand with a separate sheath for each finger and the thumb. This covering is composed of the tanned hide of an animal (with the hair removed), though in recent years it is more common for the leather to be synthetic. Common uses Leather gloves have been worn by people for thousands of years. The unique properties of leather allow for both a comfortable fit and useful grip for the wearer. The grain present on the leather and the pores present in the leather gives the gloves the unique ability to assist the wearer as he or she grips and object. As soft as a leather glove may be, its pores and grain provide a level of friction when "gripped" against an item or surface.[26] A common use for leather gloves is sporting events. In baseball, a baseball glove is an oversized leather glove with a web used for fielding the ball. Leather gloves also factor into playing handball. Cyclists also use leather gloves. Leather gloves are also used frequently by football players so that they can more easily grip the ball. Early Formula One racing drivers used steering wheels taken directly from road cars. They were normally made from wood necessitating the use of driving gloves.[16] Leather gloves also provide protection from occupational hazards. For example, beekeepers use leather gloves to avoid being stung by bees. Construction workers might also use leather gloves for added grip and for protecting their hands. Welders use gloves too for protection against electrical shocks, extreme heat, ultraviolet and infrared. Criminals have also been known to wear leather gloves during the commission of their crimes. These gloves are worn by criminals because the tactile properties of the leather allow for good grip and dexterity. These same properties are the result of their being a grain present on the surface of the leather. This understandably makes the surface of the leather as random as human skin since the leather itself is skin, usually from livestock. Investigators are able to dust for the glove prints left behind from the leather the same way in which they dust for fingerprints.[27][28] Leather dress gloves Main types of gloving leather Leather is a natural product with special characteristics that make it comfortable to wear, and give it great strength and flexibility. Because it is a natural product, with its own unique variations, every piece has its own individual characteristics. As they are worn and used, leather gloves (especially if they fit snugly) will conform to the wearer's hand. As this occurs the leather of the glove will become more malleable, and thus softer and more supple.[29] This process is known as 'breaking-in' the glove. Overtime wear spots may appear on certain parts of the palm and fingertips, due to the constant use of those areas of the glove. Creases and wrinkles will also appear on the palm side of the leather glove and will generally correspond to the locations of the hinge joints of the wearer's hands, including the interphalangeal articulations of hand, metacarpophalangeal joints, intercarpal articulations, and wrists.[30] Because the leather is natural as well as delicate, the wearer must take precaution as to not damage them. The constant handling of damp or wet surfaces will discolor lighter-colored gloves and stiffen the leather of any glove. The wearer will often unknowingly damage or stain their gloves while doing such tasks as twisting a wet door knob or wiping a running nose with a gloved hand.[31][32] Leather dress gloves that are worn very tight and possess very short, elasticized wrists, are most often referred to as cop gloves or law enforcement gloves because of their prevalence as issued duty gloves for many law enforcement agencies.[33] It is also common attire in leather subculture and BDSM communities.[34][35] Cowhide is often used for lower-priced gloves. This leather is generally considered too thick and bulky for the majority of glove styles, particularly finer dress gloves. It is, however, used for some casual styles of glove. Deerskin has the benefit of great strength and elasticity, but has a more rugged appearance, with more grain on the surface, than "hairsheep". It is very hard-wearing and heavier in weight. Goatskin is occasionally used for gloves. It is hard-wearing but coarser than other leathers and is normally used for cheaper gloves. Hairsheep originates from sheep that grow hair, not wool. Hairsheep leather is finer and less bulky than other leathers. Its major benefits are softness of touch, suppleness, strength, and lasting comfort. It is very durable and is particularly suited for the manufacture of dress gloves. Peccary is the world’s rarest and most luxurious gloving leather. Peccary leather is very soft, difficult to sew, and hard-wearing.[36][37] Sheepskin, also called shearling, is widely used for casual and country gloves. It is very warm in cold weather, and as a leather reversed, it has still attached wool on the inside. Slink lamb is used only in the most expensive lambskin gloves. Some of the finest lambskin comes from New Zealand.[citation needed] Leather glove linings Cashmere is warm, light in weight, and very comfortable to wear. Cashmere yarn comes from the hair of mountain goats, whose fleece allows them to survive the extreme weather conditions they are exposed to. Silk is warm in winter and cool in summer and is used both in men’s and women’s gloves, but is more popular in women's. Wool is well known for its natural warmth and comfort, as well as having a natural elasticity. Other linings, which include wool mixtures and acrylics. Component parts The component parts that may be found in a leather dress glove are one pair of tranks, one pair of thumbs, four whole fourchettes, four half fourchettes, two gussets, and six quirks. Depending on the style of the glove there may also be roller pieces, straps, rollers, eyelets, studs, sockets and domes. Finally, linings will themselves consist of tranks, thumbs and fourchettes. Stitching The most popular types of leather glove sewing stitches used today are: Hand stitched, which is most popular in men’s gloves and some women’s styles. Hand stitching is a very time-consuming and skilled process. Inseam, which is mainly used on women’s gloves, but occasionally on men’s dress gloves. Some glove terms Button length is the measurement in inches that is used to determine the length/measurement from the base of the glove thumb to the cuff of the glove. Fourchettes are the inside panels on the fingers of some glove styles. Perforations are small holes that are punched in the leather. They are often added for better ventilation, grip, or aesthetics and can be as fine as a pin hole.[38][39][40][41][42] Points are the three, or sometimes single, line of decorative stitching on the back of the glove. Quirks are found on only the most expensive hand sewn gloves. They are small diamond shaped pieces of leather sewn at the base of the fingers, where they are attached to the hand of the glove to improve the fit. A strap and roller is used to adjust the closeness of the fit around the wrist. A Vent is the ‘V’ shaped cut out of the glove, sometimes at the back, but more often on the palm, to give the glove an easier fit around the wrist. Driving gloves Rick Mastracchio's damaged glove during STS-118 Driving gloves are designed for holding a steering wheel and transmitting the feeling of the road to the driver. They provide a good feel and protect the hands. They are designed to be worn tight and to not interfere with hand movements. The increased grip allows for more control and increased safety at speed.[43] True driver’s gloves offer tactile advantages to drivers frequently handling a car near the limits of adhesion. Made of soft leather, drivers gloves are unlined with external seams. Further information: Driving glove Mittens "Mitten" redirects here. For other uses, see Mitten (disambiguation). Saami mittens Gloves which cover the entire hand but do not have separate finger openings or sheaths are called mittens. Generally, mittens still separate the thumb from the other four fingers. They have different colours and designs. Mittens have a higher thermal efficiency than gloves as they have a smaller surface area exposed to the cold.[44] The earliest mittens known to archeologists date to around 1000AD[45] in Latvia. Mittens continue to be part of Latvian national costume today.[46] Wool biodegrades quickly, so it is likely that earlier mittens, possibly in other countries, may have existed but were not preserved. An exception is the specimen found during the excavations of the Early Medieval trading town of Dorestad in the Netherlands. In the harbour area a mitten of wool was discovered dating from the 8th or early 9th century.[47] Many people around the Arctic Circle have used mittens, including other Baltic peoples, Native Americans[48] and Vikings.[49] Mittens are a common sight on ski slopes, as they not only provide extra warmth but extra protection from injury.[citation needed] Idiot mittens are two mittens connected by a length of yarn, string or lace, threaded through the sleeves of a coat. This arrangement is typically provided for small children to prevent the mittens becoming discarded and lost; when removed, the mittens simply dangle from the cuffs.[50][51] Hybrid glove / mitten Gunner's Mittens - In the 1930s, special fingerless mittens were introduced that have a flap located in the palm of the mitten so a hunter or soldier could have his finger free to fire his weapon. Originally developed for hunters in the frigid zones of the US and Canada, eventually most military organizations copied them.[52] Scratch mitts do not separate the thumb, and are designed to prevent babies, who do not yet have fine motor control, from scratching their faces.[53][54] Safety standards Several European standards relate to gloves. These include: BS EN388- Mechanical hazards including Abrasion, cut, tear and puncture. BS EN388:2003 - Protective Against Mechanical Rist (Abrasion/Blade Cut Resistance/Tear Resistance/Abrasion Resistance) BS EN374-1:2003 Protective Against Chemical And Micro-Organisms BS EN374-2- Micro-organisms BS EN374-3- Chemicals BS EN420- General requirements for gloves includes sizing and a number of health and safety aspects including latex protein and chromium levels. BS EN60903- Electric shock BS EN407- Heat resistance BS EN511- Cold resistance BS EN1149- Antistatic These exist to fulfill Personal protective equipment (PPE) requirements. PPE places gloves into three categories: Minimal risk - End user can easily identify risk. Risk is low. Complex design- Used in situations that can cause serious injury or death. Intermediate - Gloves that don't fit into minimal risk or complex design categories. In popular culture and fiction A footballer's goalkeeper glove from different angles Countless fictional characters have worn leather gloves as either part of their dress or for specific reasons. In film, television, and other media, villains and others attempting to conceal their fingerprints are often depicted as wearing leather gloves.[55][56] Screenwriters and directors often use the image of a man or woman slipping on a pair of leather gloves to indicate knowledge that a crime is happening.[57] It is also a common cliche in film for the hero to hold on to a person's gloved hand, and for the person to slip out of the glove and fall to their death. This can be seen in Batman and Indiana Jones & The Last Crusade[58][59][60] Michael Jackson is famous for his single jeweled glove, which helped develop his signature look. It has been the object of several auctions.[61][62] In the television show Bonanza, Joe Cartwright wore black leather gloves. In the film Public Enemies (2009), FBI man Melvin Purvis is instructed to aggressively obtain information from all known associates and relatives of John Dillinger, and to, "As they say in Italy, 'pull off the white gloves'". In upcoming scenes, the FBI is shown torturing Dillinger's captured accomplice Tommy Carroll and girlfriend Billie Frechette. The eponymous "mad scientist" villain in the 1964 film Dr. Strangelove wears a black leather glove on his out-of-control (artificial?) right hand. In the world of the science-fiction TV series Babylon 5, human telepaths are required by law to always wear leather gloves when dealing with normal humans, to prevent accidental skin-to-skin contact. See also Golden Gloves ------------------------------------------------------------------ SOME GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT MOTORCYCLES Motorcycle From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see Motorcycle (disambiguation). A Triumph T110 motorcycle A Ural motorcycle with sidecar A motorcycle (also called a motorbike, bike, moto or cycle) is a two[1] or three wheeled[2] motor vehicle. Motorcycle design varies greatly to suit a range of different purposes: long distance travel, navigating urban traffic, cruising, sport, racing and off-road riding. Motorcycles are one of the most affordable forms of motorised transport and, for most of the world's population, they are the most common type of motor vehicle.[3][4][5] About 200 million motorcycles, including mopeds, motor scooters, motorised bicycles, and other powered two and three-wheelers, are in use worldwide,[6] or about 33 motorcycles per 1000 people. By comparison, there are around 590 million cars in the world, or about 91 per 1000 people, with about one third (195 million) being in Japan and the United States.[7] Most of the world's motorcycles, 58%, are in the developing countries of Southern and Eastern Asia, and the Asia Pacific, excluding Japan which is one of the world's major car users. In 2006, China had 54 million motorcycles in use and an annual production of 22 million units.[8][9] As of 2002, India, had an estimated 37 million motorcycles and mopeds.[7][10] Contents 1 History 1.1 Experimentation and invention 1.2 First motorcycle companies 1.3 First World War 1.4 Postwar 1.5 Today 2 Demographics 3 Use 4 Technical aspects 4.1 Construction 4.2 Fuel economy 4.2.1 Electric motorcycles 4.3 Reliability 4.4 Dynamics 4.5 Accessories 5 Safety 6 Types 7 Motorcycle rider postures 8 Legal definitions and restrictions 9 Environmental impact 9.1 United States emissions limits 9.2 Europe 10 See also 11 References 12 External links History Main article: Motorcycle history Experimentation and invention Butler's Patent Velocycle The first commercial design for a self-propelled bicycle was a three-wheel design called the Butler Petrol Cycle, conceived of and built by Edward Butler in England in 1884.[11] He exhibited his plans for the vehicle at the Stanley Cycle Show in London in 1884, two years earlier than Karl Benz invented his first automobile who is generally recognized as the inventor of the modern automobile. Butler's vehicle was also the first design to be shown at the 1885 International Inventions Exhibition in London. The vehicle was built by the Merryweather Fire Engine company in Greenwich, in 1888.[12] The Butler Petrol Cycle (first recorded use of the term)[12] was a three-wheeled vehicle, with the rear wheel directly driven by a 5/8hp (466W) 600 cc (40 in3; 2 1/4 x5-inch {57x127-mm})[12] flat twin four stroke engine (with magneto ignition replaced by coil and battery),[12] equipped with rotary valves and a float-fed carburettor (five years before Maybach),[12] and Ackermann steering,[13] all of which were state of the art at the time. Starting was by compressed air.[12] The engine was liquid-cooled, with a radiator over the rear driving wheel. Speed was controlled by means of a throttle valve lever. No braking system was fitted; the vehicle was stopped by raising and lowering the rear driving wheel using a foot-operated lever; the weight of the machine was then borne by two small castor wheels. The driver was seated between the front wheels.[12] It wasn't, however, a success, as Butler failed to find sufficient financial backing. Replica of the Daimler-Maybach Reitwagen. Another early internal combustion, petroleum fueled motorcycle was the Daimler Reitwagen. It was designed and built by the German inventors Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach in Bad Cannstatt, Germany in 1885.[14] This vehicle was unlike either the safety bicycles or the boneshaker bicycles of the era in that it had zero degrees of steering axis angle and no fork offset, and thus did not use the principles of bicycle and motorcycle dynamics developed nearly 70 years earlier. Instead, it relied on two outrigger wheels to remain upright while turning.[15] The inventors called their invention the Reitwagen ("riding car"). It was designed as an expedient testbed for their new engine, rather than a true prototype vehicle.[16][17] Many authorities who exclude steam powered, electric or diesel two-wheelers from the definition of a motorcycle, credit the Daimler Reitwagen as the world's first motorcycle.[18][19][20] If a two-wheeled vehicle with steam propulsion is considered a motorcycle, then the first was the French Michaux-Perreaux steam velocipede of 1868.[16][17] This was followed by the American Roper steam velocipede of 1869, built by Sylvester H. Roper Roxbury, Massachusetts.[16][17] Roper demonstrated his machine at fairs and circuses in the eastern U.S. in 1867,[14] and built a total of 10 examples.[20] First motorcycle companies Diagram of 1894 Hildebrand & Wolfmuller. In 1894, Hildebrand & Wolfmuller became the first series production motorcycle, and the first to be called a motorcycle (German: Motorrad).[16][17][20][21] Excelsior Motor Company, originally a bicycle manufacturing company based in Coventry, England, began production of their first motorcycle model in 1896. The first production motorcycle in the US was the Orient-Aster, built by Charles Metz in 1898 at his factory in Waltham, Massachusetts. In the early period of motorcycle history, many producers of bicycles adapted their designs to accommodate the new internal combustion engine. As the engines became more powerful and designs outgrew the bicycle origins, the number of motorcycle producers increased. Many of the nineteenth century inventors who worked on early motorcycles often moved on to other inventions. Daimler and Roper, for example, both went on to develop automobiles. At the turn of the century the first major mass-production firms were set up. In 1898, Triumph Motorcycles in England began producing motorbikes, and by 1903 it was producing over 500 bikes. Other British firms were Royal Enfield, Norton and Birmingham Small Arms Company who began motorbike production in 1899, 1902 and 1910, respectively.[22] Indian began production in 1901 and Harley Davidson was established two years later. By the outbreak of the First World War,the largest motorcycle manufacturer in the world was Indian,[23][24] producing over 20,000 bikes per year.[25] First World War Triumph Motorcycles Model H, mass-produced for the war effort and notable for it's reliability. During the First World War, motorbike production was greatly ramped up for the war effort to supply effective communications with front line troops. Messengers on horses were replaced with despatch riders on motorcycles carrying messages, performing reconnaissance personnel and acting as a military police. American company Harley-Davidson was devoting over 50% of its factory output toward military contract by the end of the war. The British company Triumph Motorcycles sold more than 30,000 of its Triumph Type H model to allied forces during the war. With the rear wheel driven by a belt, the Model H was fitted with a 499 cc air-cooled four-stroke single-cylinder engine. It was also the first Triumph not to be fitted with pedals, so was a true motorcycle.[26] The Model H in particular, is regarded by many as having been the first "modern motorcycle".[27] Introduced in 1915 it had a 550cc side-valve four-stroke engine with a three-speed gearbox and belt transmission. It was so popular with its users that it was nicknamed the "Trusty Triumph."[28] Postwar By 1920, Harley-Davidson was the largest manufacturer,[29] with their motorcycles being sold by dealers in 67 countries.[30][31] By the late 1920s or early 1930s, DKW in Germany took over as the largest manufacturer.[32][33][34] After World War II, the Birmingham Small Arms Company became the largest producer of motorcycles in the world, producing up to 75,000 bikes per year in the 1950s.[citation needed] The German company NSU held the position of largest manufacturer from 1955 until the 1970s.[citation needed] NSU Sportmax streamlined motorcycle, 250 cc class winner of the 1955 Grand Prix season In the 1950s, streamlining began to play an increasing part in the development of racing motorcycles and the "dustbin fairing" held out the possibility of radical changes to motorcycle design. NSU and Moto Guzzi were in the vanguard of this development, both producing very radical designs well ahead of their time.[35] NSU produced the most advanced design, but after the deaths of four NSU riders in the 1954–1956 seasons, they abandoned further development and quit Grand Prix motorcycle racing.[36] Moto Guzzi produced competitive race machines, and by 1957 nearly all the Grand Prix races were being won by streamlined machines.[citation needed] The following year, 1958, full enclosure fairings were banned from racing by the FIM in the light of the safety concerns. From the 1960s through the 1990s, small two-stroke motorcycles were popular worldwide, partly as a result of East German Walter Kaaden's engine work in the 1950s.[37] Today In the 21st century, the motorcycle industry is mainly dominated by Japanese companies. In addition to the large capacity motorcycles, there is a large market in smaller capacity (less than 300 cc) motorcycles, mostly concentrated in Asian and African countries. An example is the 1958 Honda Super Cub, which went on to become the biggest selling vehicle of all time, with its 60 millionth unit produced in April 2008.[38] Today, this area is dominated by mostly Indian companies with Hero MotoCorp emerging as the world's largest manufacturer of two wheelers. Its Splendor model has sold more than 8.5 million to date.[39] Other major producers are Bajaj and TVS Motors.[40] Demographics Number of motorcycles vs number of cars by country. Size of pie indicates population. 2002 estimates.[7][10] Millions of cars (light blue) and motorcycles (dark blue) in the top 20 countries with the most motorcycles. Population in red. 2002 estimates.[7][10] Motorbikes are the primary form of transportation in Vietnam. In numerous cultures, motorcycles are the primary means of motorised transport. According to the Taiwanese government, for example, "the number of automobiles per ten thousand population is around 2,500, and the number of motorcycles is about 5,000."[41] In places such as Vietnam, motorised traffic consist of mostly motorbikes[4] due to a lack of public transport and low income levels that put automobiles out of reach for many.[3] The four largest motorcycle markets in the world are all in Asia: China, India, Indonesia, and Vietnam.[3][42] The motorcycle is also popular in Brazil's frontier towns.[5] Amid the global economic downturn of 2008, the motorcycle market grew by 6.5%.[43] Recent years have seen an increase in the popularity of motorcycles elsewhere. In the USA, registrations increased by 51% between 2000 and 2005.[44] This is mainly attributed to increasing fuel prices and urban congestion.[45] A Consumer Reports subscribers' survey of mainly United States motorcycle and scooter owners reported that they rode an average of only 1,000 miles (1,600 km) per year, 82% for recreation and 38% for commuting.[46] Americans put 10,000–12,000 miles (16,000–19,000 km) per year on their cars and light trucks.[47] As motorcyclists age, there is a tendency for riders to choose touring bikes over sports bikes.[48] Use Milk delivery in Karnal, India A couple ride on a motorcycle in Udaipur, India. Annual sales of motorcycles in India are expected to exceed 10 million by 2010. While people choose to ride motorcycles for various reasons, those reasons are increasingly practical, with riders opting for a powered two-wheeler as a cost-efficient alternative to infrequent and expensive public transport systems, or as a means of avoiding or reducing the effects of urban congestion.[49] Where permitted, lane splitting, which is also known as filtering, allows motorcycles to move between vehicles in slow or stationary traffic.[50] In the UK, motorcycles are exempt from the ?10 per day London congestion charge that other vehicles must pay to enter the city during the day. Motorcycles are also exempt from toll charges at such river crossings as the Severn Bridge, Dartford Crossing, and Mersey Tunnels. Such cities as Bristol provide dedicated free parking and allow motorcycles to use bus lanes. In the United States, motorcycles may use high-occupancy vehicle lanes in accordance with federal law [51] and pay a lesser fee on some toll roads. Other countries have similar policies. In New Zealand, motorcycle riders need not pay for parking that is controlled by a barrier arm;[52] the arm occupies less than the entire width of the lane, and the motorcyclist simply rides around it.[53] Many car parks that are thus controlled so supply special areas for motorcycles to park as to save space. In many cities that have serious parking challenges for cars, such as Melbourne, Australia, motorcycles are generally permitted to park on the sidewalk, rather than occupy a space on the street which might otherwise be used by a car.[citation needed] Technical aspects A Suzuki GS500 with a clearly visible frame (painted silver). Construction See also: Motorcycle components and Motorcycle design Motorcycle construction is the engineering, manufacturing, and assembly of components and systems for a motorcycle which results in the performance, cost, and aesthetics desired by the designer. With some exceptions, construction of modern mass-produced motorcycles has standardised on a steel or aluminium frame, telescopic forks holding the front wheel, and disc brakes. Some other body parts, designed for either aesthetic or performance reasons may be added. A petrol powered engine typically consisting of between one and four cylinders (and less commonly, up to eight cylinders) coupled to a manual five- or six-speed sequential transmission drives the swingarm-mounted rear wheel by a chain, driveshaft or belt. Fuel economy Motorcycle fuel economy varies greatly with engine displacement and riding style[54] ranging from a low of 29 mpg-US (8.1 L/100 km; 35 mpg-imp) reported by a Honda VTR1000F rider,[55] to 107 mpg-US (2.2 L/100 km; 129 mpg-imp) reported for the Verucci Nitro 50 cc scooter.[56] A specially designed Matzu Matsuzawa Honda XL125 achieved 470 mpg-US (0.50 L/100 km; 560 mpg-imp) "on real highways – in real conditions."[57] Due to low engine displacements (100 cc–200 cc), and high power-to-mass ratios, motorcycles offer good fuel economy. Under conditions of fuel scarcity like 1950s Britain and modern developing nations, motorcycles claim large shares of the vehicle market. Electric motorcycles Main article: Electric motorcycle Very high fuel economy equivalents are often derived by electric motorcycles. Electric motorcycles are nearly silent, zero-emission electric motor-driven vehicles. Operating range and top speed are limited by battery technology.[citation needed] Fuel cells and petroleum-electric hybrids are also under development to extend the range and improve performance of the electric drive system. Reliability A 2013 survey of 4,424 readers of the US Consumer Reports magazine collected reliability data on 4,680 motorcycles purchased new from 2009 to 2012.[58] The most common problem areas were accessories, brakes, electrical (including starters, charging, ignition), and fuel systems, and the types of motorcycles with the greatest problems were touring, off road/dual sport, sport-touring, and cruisers.[58] There were not enough sport bikes in the survey for a statistically significant conclusion, though the data hinted at reliability as good as cruisers.[58] These results may be partially explained by accessories including such equipment as fairings, luggage, and auxiliary lighting, which are frequently added to touring, adventure touring/dual sport and sport touring bikes.[59] Trouble with fuel systems is often the result of improper winter storage, and brake problems may also be due to poor maintenance.[58] Of the five brands with enough data to draw conclusions, Honda, Kawasaki and Yamaha were statistically tied, with 11 to 14% of those bikes in the survey experiencing major repairs.[58] Harley-Davidsons had a rate of 24%, while BMWs did worst, with 30% of those needing major repairs.[58] There were not enough Triumph and Suzuki motorcycles surveyed for a statistically sound conclusion, though it appeared Suzukis were as reliable as the other three Japanese brands while Triumphs were comparable to Harley-Davidson and BMW.[58] Three fourths of the repairs in the survey cost less than US$ 200 and two thirds of the motorcycles were repaired in less than two days.[58] In spite of their relatively worse reliability in this survey, Harley-Davidson and BMW owners showed the greatest owner satisfaction, and three fourths of them said they would buy the same bike again, followed by 72% of Honda owners and 60 to 63% of Kawasaki and Yamaha owners.[58] Dynamics Racing motorcycles leaning in a turn. Main article: Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics Different types of motorcycles have different dynamics and these play a role in how a motorcycle performs in given conditions. For example, one with a longer wheelbase provides the feeling of more stability by responding less to disturbances.[60] Motorcycle tyres have a large influence over handling. Motorcycles must be leaned in order to make turns. This lean is induced by the method known as countersteering, in which the rider momentarily steers the handlebars in the direction opposite of the desired turn. This practice is counter-intuitive and therefore often very confuses novices – and even many experienced motorcyclists.[61] Such short wheelbase motorcycles as sport bikes can generate enough torque at the rear wheel, and enough stopping force at the front wheel, to lift the opposite wheel off the road. These actions, if performed on purpose, are known as wheelies and stoppies respectively. If carried past the point of recovery the resulting upset is known as an "endo" (short for "end-over-end"), or "looping" the vehicle. Accessories Main article: Motorcycle accessories Various features and accessories may be attached to a motorcycle either as OEM (factory-fitted) or after-market. Such accessories are selected by the owner to enhance the motorcycle's appearance, safety, performance, or comfort, and may include anything from mobile electronics to sidecars and trailers. Safety Main articles: Motorcycle safety and Motorcycle safety clothing Motorcycles have a higher rate of fatal accidents than automobiles or trucks and buses. United States Department of Transportation data for 2005 from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System show that for passenger cars, 18.62 fatal crashes occur per 100,000 registered vehicles. For motorcycles this figure is higher at 75.19 per 100,000 registered vehicles – four times higher than for cars.[62] The same data shows that 1.56 fatalities occur per 100 million vehicle miles travelled for passenger cars, whereas for motorcycles the figure is 43.47–28 times higher than for cars (37 times more deaths per mile travelled in 2007).[63] Furthermore for motorcycles the accident rates have increased significantly since the end of the 1990s, while the rates have dropped for passenger cars. Wearing a motorcycle helmet reduces the risks of death or head injury in a motorcycle crash The two major causes of motorcycle accidents in the United States are: motorists pulling out or turning in front of motorcyclists and violating their rights-of-way, and motorcyclists running wide through turns.[citation needed] The former is sometimes called a SMIDSY, an acronym formed from the motorists' common response of "Sorry mate, I didn't see you".[64] The latter is more commonly caused by operating a motorcycle while intoxicated.[65] Motorcyclists can anticipate and avoid some of these crashes with proper training, increasing their visibility to other traffic, keeping the speed limits, and not consuming alcohol or drugs before riding.[66] The United Kingdom has several organisations dedicated to improving motorcycle safety by providing advanced rider training beyond what is necessary to pass the basic motorcycle licence test. These include the Institute of Advanced Motorists (IAM) and the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (RoSPA). Along with increased personal safety, riders with these advanced qualifications may benefit from reduced insurance costs.[citation needed] In South Africa, the Think Bike campaign is dedicated to increasing both motorcycle safety and the awareness of motorcycles on the country's roads. The campaign, while strongest in the Gauteng province, has representation in Western Cape, KwaZulu Natal and the Free State. It has dozens of trained marshals available for various events such as cycle races and is deeply involved in numerous other projects such as the annual Motorcycle Toy Run.[67] An MSF rider course for novices Motorcycle safety education is offered throughout the United States by organisations ranging from state agencies to non-profit organisations to corporations. Most states use the courses designed by the Motorcycle Safety Foundation (MSF), while Oregon and Idaho developed their own. All of the training programs include a Basic Rider Course, an Intermediate Rider Course and an Advanced Rider Course. In the UK and some Australian jurisdictions, such as Victoria, New South Wales,[68] the Australian Capital Territory,[69] Tasmania[70] and the Northern Territory,[71] it is compulsory to complete a basic rider training course before being issued a Learners Licence, after which they can ride on public roads with L plates in the UK and P plates in Australia. In Canada, motorcycle rider training is compulsory in Quebec and Manitoba only, but all provinces and territories have graduated licence programs which place restrictions on new drivers until they have gained experience. Eligibility for a full motorcycle licence or endorsement for completing a Motorcycle Safety course varies by province. The Canada Safety Council, a non-profit safety organisation, offers the Gearing Up program across Canada and is endorsed by the Motorcycle and Moped Industry Council.[72] Training course graduates may qualify for reduced insurance premiums. Types Main article: Types of motorcycles A boulevard cruiser (front) and a sportbike (background) French gendarme motorcyclist There are three major types of motorcycle: street, off-road, and dual purpose. Within these types, there are many different sub-types of motorcycles for many different purposes. Street bikes include cruisers, sportbikes, scooters and mopeds, and many other types. Off-road motorcycles include many types designed for dirt-oriented racing classes such as motocross and are not street legal in most areas. Dual purpose machines like the dual-sport style are made to go off-road but include features to make them legal and comfortable on the street as well. Each configuration offers either specialised advantage or broad capability, and each design creates a different riding posture. Motorcycle rider postures The motorcyclist's riding position depends on rider body-geometry (anthropometry) combined with the geometry of the motorcycle itself. These factors create a set of three basic postures.[73] Sport – the rider leans forwards into the wind and the weight of the upper torso is supported by the rider's core at low speed and air pressure at high speed (e.g., above 50 mph (80 km/h)). The footpegs are below the rider or to the rear. The reduced frontal area cuts wind resistance and allows higher speeds. At low-speed this position throws the weight of the rider onto the arms, which can tire the rider's wrists. Standard – the rider sits upright or leans forward slightly. The feet are below the rider. These are motorcycles that are not specialised to one task, so they do not excel in any particular area.[74][75] The standard posture is used with touring and commuting as well as dirt and dual-sport bikes, and may offer advantages for beginners.[76] Cruiser – the rider sits at a lower seat height with the upper torso upright or leaning slightly rearward. Legs are extended forwards, sometimes out of reach of the regular controls on cruiser pegs. The low seat height can be a consideration for new or short riders. Handlebars tend to be high and wide. The emphasis is on comfort, while compromising cornering ability because of low ground clearance and the greater likelihood of scraping foot pegs, floor boards, or other parts if turns are taken at the speeds other motorcycles can more readily accomplish.[77][78] Factors of a motorcycle's ergonomic geometry that determine the seating posture include the height, angle and location of footpegs, seat and handlebars. Factors in a rider's physical geometry that contribute to seating posture include torso, arm, thigh and leg length, and overall rider height. Legal definitions and restrictions Main article: Legal definition of motorcycle A motorcycle is broadly defined by law in most countries for the purposes of registration, taxation and rider licensing as a powered two-wheel motor vehicle. Most countries distinguish between mopeds of 49 cc and the more powerful, larger vehicles (scooters do not count as a separate category). Many jurisdictions include some forms of three-wheeled cars as motorcycles. Environmental impact Motorcycles and scooters' low fuel consumption has attracted interest in the United States from environmentalists and those whom increased fuel prices affect.[79][80] Piaggio Group Americas supported this interest with the launch of a "Vespanomics" website and platform, claiming lower per-mile carbon emissions of 0.4 lb/mile (113 g/km) less than the average car, a 65% reduction, and better fuel economy.[81] However, a motorcycle's exhaust emissions may contain 10–20 times more oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide, and unburned hydrocarbons than exhaust from a similar-year passenger car or SUV.[79][82] This is because many motorcycles lack a catalytic converter, and the emission standard is much more permissive for motorcycles than for other vehicles.[79] While catalytic converters have been installed in most gasoline-powered cars and trucks since 1975 in the United States, they can present fitment and heat difficulties in motorcycle applications.[79] Along with other emissions-reducing technologies that have taken longer to appear in motorcycles than in cars, such as fuel injection, catalytic converters are becoming increasingly commonplace. Many newer motorcycles, such as the Yamaha R1 and Suzuki GSXR1000 do have catalytic converters, and most BMWs have been equipped with catalytic converters since the 1990s.[citation needed] United States Environmental Protection Agency 2007 certification result reports for all vehicles versus on highway motorcycles (which also includes scooters),[83] the average certified emissions level for 12,327 vehicles tested was 0.734. The average "Nox+Co End-Of-Useful-Life-Emissions" for 3,863 motorcycles tested was 0.8531. 54% of the tested 2007-model motorcycles were equipped with a catalytic converter. United States emissions limits The following table shows maximum acceptable legal emissions of the combination of hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen, and carbon monoxide for new motorcycles sold in the United States with 280 cc or greater piston displacement.[84] Tier Model year HC+NOx (g/km) CO (g/km) Tier 1 2006–2009 1.4 12.0 Tier 2 2010 and later 0.8 12.0 The maximum acceptable legal emissions of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide for new Class I and II motorcycles (50 cc–169 cc and 170 cc–279 cc respectively) sold in the United States are as follows:[84] Model year HC (g/km) CO (g/km) 2006 and later 1.0 12.0 Europe European emission standards for motorcycles are similar to those for cars.[citation needed] New motorcycles must meet Euro III standards,[85] while cars must meet Euro V standards. Motorcycle emission controls are being updated and it has been proposed to update to Euro IV in 2012 and Euro V in 2015.[86] See also Portal icon Motorcycle racing portal Federation Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM) – the governing body for international motorcycle sport, which also lobbies for the rights and interests of motorcyclists. List of motorcycle manufacturers Motorcycling Outline of motorcycles and motorcycling Scooter (motorcycle) Welbike YikeBike Motorized bicycle References THANKS FOR LOOKING! tele

Condition:	New: A brand-new, unused, unopened, undamaged item in its original packaging (where packaging is applicable). Packaging should be the same as what is found in a retail store, unless the item is handmade or was packaged by the manufacturer in non-retail packaging, such as an unprinted box or plastic bag. See the seller's listing for full details. ...	Brand	BARRY WEISS STORAGE WARS SKELETON
MPN	KNIT-SKELETON-GLOVES
Model	KNIT-SKELETON-GLOVES
Country/Region of Manufacture	Unknown